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The last major kind of light meter is called a spot The spot meter is never the only kind of meter in a camera; instead, it s an option that you can switch to if the center-weighted or matrix meter fails you As you can see in Figure 2-9, the spot meter measures light exclusively in the center one percent of the screen, ignoring the rest of the frame completely That can come in handy on occasion, but a meter that only measured the light in the central one percent of the frame would typically take very poor pictures either highly under- or overexposed depending upon the situation So when should you use the spot meter Any time you are trying to photograph a scene in which a small subject must be exposed properly for the picture to work and its lighting is different enough from the rest of the scene that you re worried it won t come out right otherwise Imagine, for instance, that you are trying to photograph someone who is standing in front of a brightly lit window If you let the camera decide the exposure, the bright light from the window will radically underexpose the subject So switch on the spot meter and expose the picture based

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Cameras with a matrix meter are usually more accurate because they accumulate exposure information from several distinct regions of the frame, then use a sophisticated algorithm to decide the final exposure for the picture

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on the subject Yes, the window light will be overexposed, but that s okay the important part of the picture is the person Varying the metering mode especially the spot meter is best used in conjunction with the third technique, exposure lock

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The exposure lock feature in most digital cameras is borrowed from 35mm camera technology, and it is one of the handiest tricks you can learn and master Exposure lock is almost always achieved by applying slight pressure to the shutter release not enough to activate the shutter and take the picture, but enough that you feel the button move and the camera itself respond Here s what happens when you take a picture: 1 Apply slight pressure to the shutter release button 2 As you feel it depress slightly, the camera s autofocus lens locks the current subject into sharp focus 3 At the same time, the camera s exposure meter measures the light and locks in an exposure 4 Apply more pressure to the shutter release to press it in all the way The camera then takes the picture and saves it to memory Cameras that use a fixed focus lens often do not include an exposure lock feature, or they use a separate button to lock the exposure Inexpensive budget cameras may fall into this category Refer to your camera s manual to see if it has exposure lock, and how to use it

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